Summary (Acids Alkalis Bases)

Acid, Bases and Alkalis



Some of the must-know acids:

- Nitric Acid (HNO3)

- Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

- Sulfuric Acid (H2So4)

Acids have:

- A sour taste

- Hazardous

- Change the blue litmus paper to red.

Acids can only behave as acids when water is added to it.

Acids may be concentrated or diluted. If an acid is concentrated a large amount of acids dissolved in water

Acids is diluted if there is a small amount of acids dissolved in water

Acid + Metal = Salt + Hydrogen Gas

Acid + Metal Oxide = Salt + Water

Acid + Carbonates = Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water

Acid + Hydroxide = Salt + Water

When the reaction produces carbon dioxide, what you will observe the occurrence of effervescene.

Limewater = Calcium hydroxide

slaked lime = calcium carbonate

White precipitate is formed

Acids are normally stored in materials such as glass, brick and sand as they do not react with sand.

Some must-know alkalis:

- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

- Aqueous Ammonia (NH3)

- Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)

Alkalis are:

- It is a substance that produces hydroxide water in water

- All Alkalis are bases but not all bases are alkalis

- Alkali feel slippery

- Alkalis are hazardous

- Alkalis also changes the colour of the red litmus paper into blue in colour

- When it reacts with acids, neutralization will occur

Alkalis + ammonium compounds = salt + water + ammonia

When strongs alkalis are added in to water, they form OH- ions. Example:

NaOH à Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)