Sexual reproductive system
BASIC INFO:
Basic information on sexual reproduction:
- Sexual reproduction involves fusion of two reproductive cells (gametes).
- Produces variation in offspring.
Stages of sexual reproduction:
Pubertyàcopulationàfertilisationàpost-fertilisationàchild birth
PUBERTY
Primary Sexual Characteristics
- Brain releases hormones
- Ova and sperm develops
- Ovaries and testicles start producing female and men sex hormones
Secondary Sexual Characteristics
Male
- deepening of voice
- Growth of muscle
- Occurrence of pimples
- Growth in genitals
- Growth of hair
- 11-15yrs
- confusion, love/hate, giggly excitement
Female
- Hair growth
- Confusion, love/hate, giggly excitement
- Development of hips and breasts
- 9-13yrs
- Menstruation
- Development of pimples
Male reproductive system 
Parts of the system
- Testis
- Epididymis
- Sperm duct
- Prostate Gland
- Seminal Vesicle
- Bulbourethral gland
- Penis
Function of the parts
Testis – production of the make gametes, production of make sex hormones
Epididymis – Temperory storage for sperms, muscles contract to ejaculate sperm
Glands – Production of Seminal fluid
•Alkaline to neutralize acidity in female reproductive tract
•Activates sperms by causing them to swim freely
•Nourish sperms with nutrients
Penis – Insertion into the vagina when erected
Process of ejaculation
- Arterioles leading to the blood spaces in the penis will dilate
- Blood enters blood spaces, causing the erectile tissures to be filled with blood
- Muscles of the epididymis muscles contract
- Semen is released
Female Reproductive System
Parts of the system
- Ovary
- Oviduct
- Uterus
- Cervix
- Vagina
Function of the parts
Ovary: - Production of the female sex hormones, production of the female sex cells and releases mature ovums
Oviduct – deliver mature ovum from the ovary to the uterus
•Beating of cilia to move ovum along oviduct
•Muscular, strong contractions
Uterus: - muscular and elastic so as to push the baby out during child birth, endometrium is smooth and soft so that it is prepared for the implantation of the fertilized egg
Difference between the female and male sex cells
Male
- Mobile, energy produced by mitochondria
- Has 3 regions, head, tail, body
- Very small, 2.5 micrometers
- 200 – 500 million sperms in each seminial discharge
Female
- Immobile, travel throught he contractions by the walls of the oviduct
- Spherical
- 120 micrometer, large
- normally one is released each month
Fertilisation
- Takes place in the oviduct
- Only one sperm will successfully fuse with egg.
•Head and middle piece attached to egg membrane
•Tail detaches
•Nucleus of sperm enters egg
- Membrane of egg change à dislodge other sperms
- Fusion of sperm and egg nuclei takes place.
- Fertilization restores the diploid number of chromosomes (23 pairs in humans)
- The fertilized egg will be implanted into the endometrium, which will supply the egg with nourishment
Post-Fertilisation
- Hollows balls of cells plant in the endometirum
- The embryonic tissue and the uterine lining will form the placenta
- Then the zygote start to develop
Zygote-->Embryo-->Foetus-->Baby
The ammonis sac and the ammonia fluid
- Supports and cushions the foetus before birth
- Absorbs shock
- Prevents physical injury
- Lubricates vagina during delivery
The Placenta
- Exchange nutrients, water and waste between the maternal and the fetal blood
- Produces progesterone to maintain uterine lining
- Allows diffusion of protective anti-bodies
The umbilical Cord
- Umbilical artery carries deoxygenated blood and dissolved food from fetus to placenta
- Umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood and metabolic waste products from placenta to fetus
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